The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé - Politics - Nairaland
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Military Action Still An Option Against Militancy In Niger Delta – Buhari / An Exposé, Critics Versus Wailing Wailers - JJ Omojuwa / Brass Liquefied Natural Gas Project Will End Militancy – Bayelsa Elders (2) (3) (4)
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| The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by LRNZH(m): 5:30pm On May 30, 2016 |
The Niger Delta brand of uprising we witness today is no longer noble. Militancy has caused a major drawback than a net advantage to the Niger Delta. It has no 'cool' factor. Introduction Does Violence Hold the Answer? Militancy took on more violent turns when Ijaw dominated armed groups like the Niger Delta People's Volunteer Force (NDPVF) led by Mujahid Asari-Dokubo and the Niger Delta Vigilante (NDV) led by Ateke Tom were formed with political support. The intense confrontation between the NDPVF and NDV seems to have been brought about by Asari’s political falling out with the NDPVF’s financial supporter Peter Odili, governor of Rivers State following the April 2003 elections. The Odili government withdrew its financial support from the NDPVF and began to support Tom’s NDV, effectively launching a paramilitary campaign against the NDPVF because Asari publicly criticised the election process as fraudulent. Matters came to a head when the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) came into the fray around 2006 with heightened kidnapping of oil workers for ransom, Nigerian soldiers, piracy and the destruction of oil facilities. Today, we have the Niger Delta Avengers (NDA) who are asking for release of Nnamdi Kanu (a Biafra dissident and secessionist), and Dasuki (the former National Security Adviser who was taken into custody for spearheading the pilferage of over $2 Billion security funds earmarked to fight the Boko Haram insurgency) amongst other requests including secession. The NDA have brought Nigeria's oil production to a 20 year low of 1 million barrels per day from over 2 million barrels per day through oil facilities vandalism. Federal Government Efforts The Opportunity Costs of Violence The thrust of this write-up is to make an expose of the mostly negative impact of the armed uprisings in this oil-wealthy region which has has hurt rather than progressed it's people's cause. There are proponents of armed militancy who claim the Niger Delta's problems would not be highlighted enough without violence. I believe that the past successive military administrations have been the major cause of the neglect of Nigerians and Niger Deltans specifically. Non-violent activism ala Ken Saro Wiwa, and Ogoni women who in the early 1990s formed the Federation of Ogoni Women (FOWA) are the alternatives. In 2002, nonviolent protests by women from different ethnic groups in the Delta led to the occupation of oil platforms. It was widely agreed that peaceful means in engaging both multinational oil companies and the Nigerian state, women have been remarkably successful in realizing demands for economic empowerment and advanced the important process of raising awareness and attracting much needed support, thereby increasing the potential for a peaceful means to resistance. Non violent protests by these women brought the plight of the Ogonis to international limelight.  Red Pepper Women demonstrators protest in Warri circa 2002 It is a not a zero sum game. The Niger delta can still make its case, be heard within reason and avoid incredibly disadvantageous opportunity costs especially in a democracy without resorting to violence. It has been achieved in the past. Below are some major losses due to Niger Delta from its long history of armed militancy: 1. Brass LNG Startup Delay and Potential Cancellation After the successful take-off the Nigeria LNG (NLNG) project first train in Bonny Island, Rivers State around 1999, it became apparent that Nigeria could play big in the natural gas market. NLNG contributes up to 4% of Nigeria's GDP, provides 80% of Nigeria's cooking gas and has spun off two subsidiaries Bonny Gas Transport (BGT) and NLNG Ship Management Limited (NMSL) that have employed over 6,000 Niger Deltans every year it constructs its trains (the 7th train construction is ongoing). this is besides training of over 600 mostly Niger Deltans in country and at NLNG's contractors’ shipyard in Korea. The Brass LNG (BLNG) project conceived in 2003, was to construct and operate a Liquified Natural Gas Plant to be sited on the Island of Brass in Bayelsa State from 2011. This will replicate the value NLNG has had on the Niger Delta and the rest of the country. The shareholders were Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) (49%), Eni International (17%), Phillips (Brass) Limited (an affiliate of ConocoPhillips) (17%) and Brass Holdings Company Limited (an affiliate of Total) (17%). The project has stalled partly because the militancy prone region was a risk to the multi-billion dollars investment needed to execute the project. In 2014, ConocoPhillips pulled out. In 2015, Total notified the other BLNG shareholders of its plan to withdraw from the project. This developments have put the planned Final investment Decision (FID) for the project in limbo. Siting an LNG project in the Niger Delta especially in restive Ijaw land is not a palatable proposition. This is lost income generation, wasted employment opportunities amongst other potential value loss to host communities. It is worthy to note that the global LNG business is expanding rapidly. Angola, Tanzania, Mozambique and Algeria are constructing theirs (see chart below). The longer the BLNG project is delayed, the slimmer its chance of ever starting up due to alternative competing LNG sources in Africa and beyond which would have secured the markets the BLNG could supply liquefied gas to.  2. Lack of Investment in the Downstream Sector by Oil Majors I was privileged to have a conversation with a high level executive in one of the international oil majors. My question to him is why we do not have the majors investing in massive industrial complexes to be located in the Niger Delta that will provide gas or power to manufacturers in places like Aba, refine crude oil and supply petrochemicals. Such projects will have a huge market in the West African sub-region. Shell has one in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, ExxonMobil has a few in Singapore and in the US, Marathon also has one in in Los Angeles, USA to mention a few. His response is that his company, like other companies recognised that potential in Nigeria and did some feasibility studies. The risk to such project is too huge considering that it requires several billion dollars investment and a long time to bring to fruition. He blatantly opined that the market is not the issue. In fact, it will change the Niger Delta and West Africa. Gas flaring will become history with such complexes. It is apparent that the lack of peace in the Niger Delta due to militancy will never allow such projects to be considered. The business case is just not there. Ironically, even the fuel stations that are owned by the majors like Total and Mobil are being considered for divestment by their owners. 3. The Absence of Tourism and Increased Environmental Degradation. With the rich natural habitat in the Niger Delta, tourism should be a major income earner for littoral states in Nigeria. Besides Cross River and Akwa-Ibom States, where relative peace prevails, the Niger Delta is not a popular tourist destination especially in the more restive western Niger Delta. Instead, comparatively less endowed biomes like those found in coastal Ghana, Gambia and Senegal take all that benefit of tourist attractions. With rampant violence including destruction of pipeline and oil installations, the militants are unwittingly adding to the already polluted environment and making oil spill cleanups difficult for oil companies. This is is a shame. Period. 4. Potential Outsourcing Business Hub for Oil and Gas Servicing in the Gulf of Guinea The Atlantic Coast of Africa (Gulf Of Guinea) has numerous hydrocarbon provinces stretching from offshore Ivory Coast, through Ghana, the Niger Delta in Benin, Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea, Cameroun, to offshore Gabon and Angola. Off these, Nigeria is the the most advanced in manpower development and most mature in oil gas history and experience. Port Harcourt, for example would naturally be the hub for skill-based companies and logistic services for the Gulf of Guinea oil and gas, maritime and offshore services in a parallel universe where peace prevails in the Niger Delta. We all know the reality. The majors and servicing companies moved their offices away from Warri and Port Harcourt in the late 1990s and early 2000s to avoid the incessant violent attacks by militants. Also, globalisation and numerous trade agreements have led to outsourcing of jobs in Information Technology, Payroll Services, and Manufacturing. For example, a multinational will be headquartered in London or Houston, but it's logistics and ancillary services are run out of India, Malaysia, Brazil, Argentina, etc. The fact that Nigeria has English as its official language is a major advantage to becoming an outsourcing destination but this is not happening. We do not have consistent power supply or good level of education to warrant such a role. Instead we flare the gas that should be for power conversion and militants destroy gas lines to power stations. I see Accra, Luanda and maybe Lagos taking up this role in the future at the expense of a city on the Delta. This list is not exclusive. Feel free to add other opportunity costs you can come up with. Way Forward Summary Destroying oil facilities which are business investments to spite Nigerian authorities is hurting the Niger Delta on the long run. Let us put a stop to unfortunate short-term thinking and engage our representatives in the different tiers and arms of our democratic governments in a civil manner. Armed militants do not favour the development of the Niger Delta. May Niger Delta and Nigeria Live Long in Peace with Unity and Progress -LRNZH 70 Likes 16 Shares |
| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by Firefire(m): 5:33pm On May 30, 2016 |
Nigeria needs reforms and returns to true federalism and resource control. Truth be told, we can't continue like this. A southerner rules, the Northerners raise army of terrorist against the government, same when a Northerner is in power. Unfortunately, Nigeria continue her journey in a circle and the suffering continue. "The practice of true federalism and natural law in which the federating units express their rights to primarily control the natural resources within their borders and make agreed contribution towards maintenance of common services of sovereign nation state to which they belong. In the case of Nigeria, the federating units are the 36 states and the Sovereign nation is the Federal Republic of Nigeria”. What then are some of the lessons of the resource control struggle to date? Firstly, a situation where the exploitation of a natural resource (hydrocarbon) with significant negative externalities (such as pollution, environmental degradation and loss of farmlands) takes place in a certain region of the country and the federal government appropriates over 85% of the revenue coming from that resource is a recipe for instability and insecurity, and a time-bomb at worst. Secondly, natural justice and common sense dictate that at least 50% (but preferably 100%) of rents and royalties paid by ventures that exploit a natural resources should be made to the people (state, local government, community and individuals) from where the natural resource is exploited. The FG could have a share but not necessarily the loin share. Thirdly, the people on whose land a natural resource is exploited should not be expected to be mere spectators in the business. They have an inalienable right to participate in the management, ownership, control and dividends of the ventures that exploit the natural resource. Fourthly, the resource control struggle can be suppressed for some time, but not all of the time. So long as the natural resources of the federation are distributed unevenly and the benefits of the natural resource are not distributed to reflect their geographical locations the ghost of resource control will continue to haunt the federation. A high degree of cross-subsidization of one section of the federation by another section is unsustainable in a federation. The FG should as a minimum return progressively to the pre-1967 revenue allocation system. Alternatively, as a minimum, it should adopt a system that ensures a sense of partial ownership and control of the exploitation of the natural resource by the state and local government areas where such a resource is found. Fifthly, the political leaders of the region where a natural resource is exploited should not be naïve to think that a leader from the rest of the country will be so altruistic to grant resource control without a persistent struggle. The struggle must however be peaceful and unrelenting. If the political leaders abandon a peaceful struggle they create room for militants to take over the struggle. The “militant wing” is however susceptible to infiltration by criminal elements and opportunists whose activities could lead to alienation and support of some of the very people they are purportedly fighting for. Thus, the militant wing must be disciplined and must be willing to work cooperatively the political leaders of the region and the nation to achieve the goals of resource control. Unless the “root causes” of the Niger Delta crisis are addressed by the FG, including the resource control issue, whatever peace the any Amnesty program will bring would be ephemeral. - Emmanuel Ojameruaye, PhD. (Phoenix, USA.) http://waado.org/NigerDelta/Essays/ResourceControl/ojameruaye.htm 33 Likes 4 Shares |
| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by madridguy(m): 5:33pm On May 30, 2016 |
Very long article but worth reading. I hope the Niger Deltan will not come for the head of the OP. 4 Likes 1 Share |
| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by LRNZH(m): 5:55pm On May 30, 2016 |
It doesn't even appear like the application of wisdom to have Nigeria be one of the causes of the oil price rise instead of being the beneficiary. We are literally the scapegoat for other oil producing economies. 10 Likes 2 Shares |
| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by Metallurgist: 5:58pm On May 30, 2016 |
a very comprehensive and well thought article, this is a challenge for Niger deltan to use their brains and not emotions, looking at Syria one understand that its near impossible to topple a sitting government not to mentioned the hardships, calamities, and disasters that accompanied such missions, 12 Likes 1 Share |
| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by Nobody: 6:20pm On May 30, 2016 |
Thumbs up OP. This is a very objective write up. ND should stop seeing others regions as their primary problem. A lot has been conceded to the Region, in recognition of their contribution to the national coffers. Programmes such as NDDC, Amnesty Programmes, normal allocation, CSRs of Oil Majors, 13% derivation, Min of Niger Delta etc have all been created to better the lives of the people of ND. They were mostly headed by an indigene of ND. What is the achievement of all these initiatives in this region? Is the development on ground commensurate with the cumulative amount of fund allocated to that region under the various initiatives? The problem boils down to LEADERSHIP. There should be a sense of accountability from the leaders of that region before there can be a moral justification for more. You cannot keep rewarding thugs and cultist while neglecting your professionals and infrastructural development and you expect people to ever take you serious. A change in mentality and orientation away from violence as a means of getting result should be embraced. The way forward for me is the continuous and sustained call for restructuring of Nigeria along Regions. Regionalism will automatically come with resource control as it was before the unfortunate coup of 1966. People always say North will not support it. Who are the Norths -- NC, NW, NE. The only work South needs to do is to buld a consensus within and pull in NC or at least divide NC. That is all. Merely calling for resource control will never let others see things from your perspective. Regionalism benefits all. 14 Likes 4 Shares |
| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by Blizzy9ja: 6:24pm On May 30, 2016 |
Nice |
| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by jerrywool: 6:31pm On May 30, 2016 |
Imagine! 28 Likes 6 Shares
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| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by tit(f): 7:04pm On May 30, 2016 |
jerrywool: this is what the OP wants to continue. he will employ Ogoni people as pipeline maigard and then be zucking ancestor inheritance away. 15 Likes 2 Shares |
| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by modath(f): 7:06pm On May 30, 2016 |
The major problem with the heightened agitation isn't the validity but the modality... Super1star2, you already invaded my head  so will just add a few tidbits .The ND is a region that has been neglected for a long time but the neglects is a combined effort by the elites, taking it out on the ordinary masses won't be endorsed. 6 Likes 2 Shares |
| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by LRNZH(m): 7:10pm On May 30, 2016 |
modath: Mon Ami, it was a constant battle in my head between providing details and keeping it to a short summary. It should be worth the read though. We, Africans short change ourselves when we destroy ourselves and properties because of issues that we can smartly resolve with little or no violence. We should talk more and fight less. BTW, I love your blog. Keep it up mon belle! 8 Likes 3 Shares |
| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by modath(f): 7:20pm On May 30, 2016 |
LRNZH: Thanks, still tinkering with the thing. I've read (not part of the "summarize" crew cos the devil is in the detail) and endorse all that you highlighted... was just being cheeky.. Firefire, This your divide and rule is not the way to go, who ruled and who raised an army? OBJ had running battle with same economic dissidents and saboteurs, is it not same southern Nigeria or we can get academic and say South west and South south which takes us right back to the Na me get am mentality.. Bear in mind no one opened the ground to dump minerals unlike cash crop that some people actually made the efforts to plant!! While at it, can we see what Otuoke looked like now 2015 May as against 2010 May. 10 Likes |
| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by LouisVanGaal(m): 7:53pm On May 30, 2016 |
Firefire:Resource control isn't the problem! The problem of Nigeria has always hinged on leadership..without devoted and inspiring leadership; even if we practice federalism, it. Would still fail! Name one credible politician from SE/SW/SS or North  ?? Federalism WOULD have made sense then. When leaders from each region were fighting just course....Give resource control of oil to SS/ND and watch how tompolo, Asari, ateke,timi alaibe and co ud clash...Resource control is good, don't get me wrong, but some persons ud use it to advance selfish course...Same goes for Biafra..13 Likes |
| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by Nobody: 7:53pm On May 30, 2016 |
This is the kind of thread that made NL what it is today, until when some people started the unprovoked attack on other ethnicities. 6 Likes |
| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by Firefire(m): 8:07pm On May 30, 2016 |
LouisVanGaal: Thank you for your objective submission. If we all understand the fundamentals and the importance of Nigeria having true federalism with full/agreed resource control, we can then go ahead to address the residual challenges. Discussions and calls for accountability from the past and present leaders from that region is long overdue, they should tell us how they managed the derivatives which top the normal allocation from the federation account. (13% derivative) All Governors from the oil producing states in Nigeria since 1999 should be probed. How N’Delta Governors Mismanage 13% Derivation Fund …Allegedly Embezzle N8.1tr within 13yrs ALL the governors of the nine Niger Delta state’s mismanaged the 13 percent fund, that 13% have become the highest fraud for the nine benefiting states of Ondo, Edo, Delta, Bayelsa, Rivers, Akwa/Ibom, Cross-Rivers, Imo and Abia. “There is no evidence on ground to show for the huge allocations over the years”, http://urhobotoday.com/?p=10013 3 Likes
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| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by Standing5(m): 8:46pm On May 30, 2016 |
No need for big grammar . . . Every region should hold their resources and pay a token to FG. Aregbese has borrowed into his grand children's future based on oil windfall projections. Until everybody is made to bring something to the table the beneficiaries of this skewed federal system will just be happy to claim majority and maintain the status quo that has killed innovation and productivity. Let the ND control their oil and let the North sell their tomatoes in open market. The NDA may be a result of manipulation but their actions aren't entirely out of place. 6 Likes |
| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by Odunharry(m): 9:07pm On May 30, 2016 |
LRNZH... Nice article..it's long but reading it is worth it.. Violence truly isn't the answer.. So many people need to be held accountable starting from leaders in Niger Delta. Lalasticlala 2 Likes |
| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by Odunharry(m): 9:15pm On May 30, 2016 |
Firefire:8.1trn no be moi moi o... The Niger Delta in all honesty is suppose to be the most developed in Nigeria..What do we have?? thieving politicians, pollution etc etc.. Past and present leaders truly should be held accountable first.. 7 Likes |
| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by LRNZH(m): 9:16pm On May 30, 2016 |
Odunharry: Odunharry, thanks for those words. Common sense is needed and should prevail. Only if we do not keep quiet and watch as our country burns. 4 Likes 1 Share |
| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by persius555(m): 9:56pm On May 30, 2016 |
Nice write up in a long time. My regret for the ND was the death of the likes of Ken Saro Wiwa. These were the people who started the struggle but didnt live long enough to watch the struggle bear fruit. The struggle was hijacked by hoodlums who didnt approach the issues from a gentleman point of view. On the political front, the ND has equally been unlucky to have produced visionless and greedy political leaders who literally looted the little derivation the region gets. Politically, the region has produced leaders that care less about the sufferings of the people. The Niger Delta people are a peaceful, commited citizen who have sacrificed their life and land for the continous existence of nigeria. No other region has sacrificed more than the Niger Delta, but unfortunately we have produced the most selfish leaders in the entire country. Often times 9 Likes 2 Shares |
| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by LRNZH(m): 10:43pm On May 30, 2016 |
Odunharry: 8.1 TR Naira ke? I don buliv it  |
| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by Odunharry(m): 12:00am On May 31, 2016 |
LRNZH:According to the figures posted up there by the poster i quoted.. if we calculate the 13% for all states for each year I think 1 Like |
| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by LRNZH(m): 12:11am On May 31, 2016 |
Odunharry: It is the enormity of the sums that got me flabbergasted. That's a huge amount of money! 1 Like |
| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by ayokellany: 1:07am On May 31, 2016 |
Just one sq peg in a sq hole and every Nigerian will be amazed how quickly the entire country would be transformed from the merry go round of doom engulfing the country. Only Yardua was with that glimmer even when little was expected of him, so far Buhari as a failed to live up to my expectation but I know all it takes is only one God sent and Nigeria will break free from the circle of constant degradation. Chavez did it in Venezuela, Lee Kaun Yew for Singapore, Paul Kagame is presently doing it in Rwanda. I can only hope Buhari does not turn out to be a failure. |
| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by meracool(m): 2:31am On May 31, 2016 |
Wow... Nice write-up violence is not the answer but it takes A collation of visionary and Intellectuals that are selfless indigenous Niger Deltan to really Liberate the people.. But if this generation of Selfish and greedy politicians are still leading them(Niger Deltans) then issue of Militancy and other degradation of the region will still linger.. Thanks.. 3 Likes 1 Share |
| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by Nobody: 2:48am On May 31, 2016 |
Your write up made an interesting read. The Niger Delta crisis goes beyond your superficial attempt to explain it. There is a need to bring the people to the table and seek their thoughts on what should be done. The agitation didn't start with Ken Saro Wiwa like you wrongly pointed out, but with Isaac Adaka Boro who declared that part of Nigeria an independent nation in 1966. If a struggle has been on since 1966 and it is not showing signs of abating, does that not tell us that it requires more than a military presence? This country urgently needs to be restructured and the wealth of the people put in their own hands. A reworking of our federal system of government will do a lot to ease the tensions in the land. I must admit that there has been a commercialisation of the struggle for pecuniary gains, so this government must go beyond enriching some few to the detriment of others. The people of the Niger Delta are only being fed crumbs of the food continuously cooked in their backyard, they really deserve a place at the dinner's table. The current military action going on in the Niger Delta should be a stopgap measure. A successful victory should not make us lose sight of the need to treat the disease for the well being of the Niger Delta. bb 3 Likes |
| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by LRNZH(m): 3:08am On May 31, 2016 |
bejeiodus: You are definitely right that the first recorded struggle For the soul of the Niger Delta started with Adaka Boro He left the University of Nigeria, Nsukka to lead an armed protest against the exploitation of oil and gas resources in the Niger Delta areas which benefitted mainly the federal government of Nigeria and Eastern region with capital in Enugu and nothing was given to his Ijaw people. He believed that the people of the area deserved a fairer share of proceeds of the oil wealth. He formed the Ijaw Volunteer Force, an armed militia with members consisting mainly of his fellow Ijaw ethnic group. They declared the Niger Delta Republic on February 23, 1966 and gallantly battled the Federal forces for twelve days but were finally routed by the far superior Federal firepower. Boro and his compatriots were jailed for treason. However, the federal regime of General Yakubu Gowon granted him amnesty on the eve of the Nigerian civil war in May 1967. He then enlisted and was commissioned as a major in the Nigerian army. There is a certain disconnect between Boro's period and the subsequent Niger Delta struggle. Boro was driven by the Pan-African movement for freedom from colonialists. I started with Ken because he witnessed environmental degradation and abject poverty while oil production was ongoing full steam. This wasn't the case with Boro. Ken never asked for secession. By the way, I could have started with pre independence battles in the Niger Delta which were before Boro. My point is, it doesn't take away for thrust of the article. May I also ask is why you only mention the military solution and not the other efforts that the civilian governments listed in the article have put in? This country urgently needs to be restructured and the wealth of the people put in their own hands. Yes. We need to have more say on the control of our respective resources. This is more of a utopian wish than reality akin to the experience with the Arab spring uprising. With the increased resource allocation to the Delta, what have we seen? The tribes of the leaders changed but the peoole are still being fed crumbs. I really want to hear from you how you think a unified Niger Delta republic if feasible, will stop corrupt leaders from stealing from their people. Neither Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea or Gabon have shown us otherwise. The current military action going on in the Niger Delta should be a stopgap measure. A successful victory should not make us lose sight of the need to treat the disease for the well being of the Niger Delta. True again. The administration was not given chance to address the Niger Delta challenge before the sabotage started. A military victory, while necessary, does not even address any of the issues we are discussing. Thanks for your contributions because they're worthy discussion points. 3 Likes |
| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by tinkinjow: 4:50am On May 31, 2016 |
Story storyyyyyyyyy! |
| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by Nobody: 5:25am On May 31, 2016 |
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| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by LRNZH(m): 8:32am On May 31, 2016 |
| Re: The Opportunity Costs Of Militancy In The Niger Delta, An Exposé by kikesblog(m): 11:48am On May 31, 2016 |
hmmmmmm |
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