Self-plagiarism occurs when you include sections from your previous work(s) without referencing. Submitting the same work twice for assessment without appropriate referencing is also regarded as self-plagiarism.

How to avoid self-plagiarism?

If you must use the exact same sections or quotes from your previous assignment or dissertation, place these in quotation marks in the new work and put yourself as the reference at the end.

e.g.

Citing your 2015 B.Sc. project in your 2017 Master's thesis, the reference would appear as follows:

Step 1
As cited in my B.Sc. project on "employee motivation and work productivity": employee motivation means.. (Abraham, 2015, p.5).

When you use quotations ( "..." ), ensure you cite the exact page where you got the quotes, e.g. p.5

Step 2

Then in the reference list at the end you would present this as:

Abraham, H. (2015). "Employee Motivation and Work Productivity", B.Sc project, Duke University.

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