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Adsorption is one of the physical processes used in trapping substances on the surface of a solid material. It is a surface phenomenon. The solid is called absorbent. The absorbent is placed in a fixed bed and continuously passing of fluid is done through he bed till the solid becomes saturated.

Adsorption is similar to ion exchange resin because, they are carried out in semi batch and fixed bed.

In gaseous state, adsorption is similar to chromatography but the feed is not continuous. The individual components moves at different rates and collected at exist.

Adsorption can be physiosorption or chemisorptions.

Physiosorption: this considers the van der Waals forces of attraction.

CHEMISORPTION: chemical bonds are considered. The predominant bond is covalent. The bond is responsible for trapping adsorbate to the absorbent. in relation to surface energy, adsorption can be similar to surface tension.

Adsorption process

   Adsorption can be found in many physical, chemical process, and physical processes. It is applied industrially such as activated charcoal and water purification.

Adsorption takes place in porous material and on the walls of pores of specific sites inside a particle. The recovery organic solvent such as paints can be achieved by adsorption process. Using carbon, pollutants can be removed and also better ventilation can be achieved.

Gases are dried using adsorption process. Example is the entrapment of water molecules by silica gel. It can used to separate organic and=] petroleum products.

For liquid-liquid extraction, adsorption is used in water purification. It can be employed to recover products not completely carried out by crystallizationand distillation processes.

Adsorption equipment

Fixed bed apparatus:

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