Prolapse can be caused by many factors few of it includes :
1. Light: exposing birds to longer period of light can force some birds to maturity.
2. Feed: carry out a proximate analysis of ur feed and check the protein content. High protein content can also cause prolapse.
3. Egg Size: Methionine is one of the feed additives that alter the egg size, check your feed formula.
4. Excessive fat in birds due to much feed intake.
5. Early conversion from grower mash to layers mash

...

APPEARANCE OF FAECES IN CHICKENS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS
* Droopin with blood ~ Coccidiosis.
* Greenish drooping ~ late stage of worms, ND Newcastle Disease, eaten not well dry materials or eaten alot green vegetables if free-ranged., fowl cholera.
* White, Milky running drooping ~ worms, gumboro disease (Infectious bursal disease) IBD.
* Brown runny drooping = E.coli infection.
* Yellow and Foaming drooping ~ Early stage of Coccidiostat.
* Black dropping ~ possibility of internal bleeding or too much of proteins.
* Clear or watery running drooping ~ stress or infection bronchitis..!
SOLUTIONS
For Coccidiosis = Toltrazuril base drug, Amprolium, Amprococ, Embacoc, Vitacox e.t.c
To deworm = Ivermectin base drugs and it also work for lice.
For Newcastle disease (ND or NCD) = laSota vaccine.
For Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) = Gumboro vaccine.
For Fowl Cholera/Typhoid, infection bronchitis, E.coli = there are many strong Antibiotics drugs that care for these like = pure oxytetracycline (oxytet), Enro, vitacox, Doxycycline, Erythromycin e.t.c .
For Internal bleeding = you have stop and pend the Antibiotics drugs using at that period then place them on vitamins for 3-5 days. Consigning the too much of proteins, one need to amend the feed formulation by analyse and runs the test at lab, and if you're purchasing finished feed report to the supplier or change the feed.
For the stress = is likely you stressed them for particular reason, like transferring from one place to another or they have too much heat or lack of unbalanced, instability and insufficient of water or feeds. All these are highly in need of amendments then place them on vitamins to compensate. Thanks!
Though we have posted it before, we Dedicate this for the freshers in the page.
For quality Day Old Chicks, layers cages Point of Lay Old / Spent Layers etc & More info 08036408292

Batterycages, egg crates and other poultry equipments available call /whatsapp 08036408292

CAUSES OF CHICK MORTALITY WHILE BROODING.

Sometimes losses occur,especially during the first two weeks of life.A mortality of 5% may be considered normal,but anything above that,is abnormal and requires immediate intervention to stop further losses.
Some of the causes of mortality are:
GENETIC FACTORS.
There are many lethal gene mutation in birds,most of which cause death during the incubation period. A few such as congenital loco and congenital tremors will cause death of chicks within a week after hatching. To prevent this farmers are advice to purchase chicks from reputable farms who select against such genes.

MANAGEMENT FACTORS
Most common errors that farmers committe include:
-High brooding temparetures.This can result into two major problems.One is Dehydration. The body of young chicks comprises of about 70% water.High temparetures lead to dehydration.
The second problem is pasting.This is when high temparetures in the brooder house causes sticking of faecal matter around the vent leading to blockage and ultimately death of chicks.

Low brooding tempareture causes chilling and pneumonia which kills chicks in high numbers.Low temparetures also make the chicks to huddle together to keep warm and maintain body temparetures.This further leads to smothering and death of chicks.
Always adjust the brooder temparetures a few hours before chicks arrive.
Also apply the normal recommended temparetures throughout the brooding period and evenly in the brooding areas.

Feed related problems include food poisoning such as fungal(mould) contamination or feed contaminated by toxic substances especially tannin found in saw dust and excess salt in water as well as toxic gases like ammonia,carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
This should be avoided through use of proper feeding and use of clean water as well as proper litter management with regular mixing and removal to avoid accumulation of toxic gases in the brooder room.

DISEASES
Newly hatched chicks do not have a high immunity level.If hygiene is therefore not maintained a number of disease responsible for early chick mortality will thrive.
Among the most prevalent of this diseases are:

OMPHALITIS-Also referred to as 'mashy chick disease'.This is an infection of the navel characterised by inflamed skin in the navel area,soft,flabby and distended abdomen pasting of the vent and foul smell on the carcasses on opening due to unabsorbed yolk.Affected chicks appear depressed with dropping heads.Note that omphalitis is a bacterial disease,it spreads very fast and can lead to huge losses.

POLLORUM-This is an acute infection and fatal bacterial disease of chicks characterised by ruffled feathers,white diarrhoea,chipping of chicks and ultimately death. Dead chicks show no sign of disease.

SALMONELLOSIS-This is a condition referring to a group of acute rapidly spreading diseases affecting all ages,characterised by rise in body temparetures,septicemia(presence of infectious organisms in the blood),omphalitis,hepatitis (inflammation of the liver),enlargement of the spleen and further deaths.

Other factors to be considered are:
-floor,water and feeder space must be adequate to avoid overcrowding,starvation and dampness of the litter which facilitates multiplication of pathogenic micro-organisms and more deaths.
-Proper handling of chicks during vaccinations and other procedures to avoid injuries which predispose chicks to contamination and subsequent infections.
-construction of brooder houses should also be proper to keep away predators such as rats,dogs and cats.
-proper ventilation to regulate temparetures and remove carbon dioxide,ammonia and other gases,moisture,dust and odour.
-proper lighting.Chick activity is greater in bright light intensity than in low light intensity. The bright light helps the chicks to locate feeds,water and comfort zones.

We hope this can be of help to one or more farmers
For your agricultural equipment and accessories and consultancy call or whatsapp 08036408292

O

...

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2PNIGLTD:
APPEARANCE OF FAECES IN CHICKENS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS
* Droopin with blood ~ Coccidiosis.
* Greenish drooping ~ late stage of worms, ND Newcastle Disease, eaten not well dry materials or eaten alot green vegetables if free-ranged., fowl cholera.
* White, Milky running drooping ~ worms, gumboro disease (Infectious bursal disease) IBD.
* Brown runny drooping = E.coli infection.
* Yellow and Foaming drooping ~ Early stage of Coccidiostat.
* Black dropping ~ possibility of internal bleeding or too much of proteins.
* Clear or watery running drooping ~ stress or infection bronchitis..!
SOLUTIONS
For Coccidiosis = Toltrazuril base drug, Amprolium, Amprococ, Embacoc, Vitacox e.t.c
To deworm = Ivermectin base drugs and it also work for lice.
For Newcastle disease (ND or NCD) = laSota vaccine.
For Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) = Gumboro vaccine.
For Fowl Cholera/Typhoid, infection bronchitis, E.coli = there are many strong Antibiotics drugs that care for these like = pure oxytetracycline (oxytet), Enro, vitacox, Doxycycline, Erythromycin e.t.c .
For Internal bleeding = you have stop and pend the Antibiotics drugs using at that period then place them on vitamins for 3-5 days. Consigning the too much of proteins, one need to amend the feed formulation by analyse and runs the test at lab, and if you're purchasing finished feed report to the supplier or change the feed.
For the stress = is likely you stressed them for particular reason, like transferring from one place to another or they have too much heat or lack of unbalanced, instability and insufficient of water or feeds. All these are highly in need of amendments then place them on vitamins to compensate. Thanks!
Though we have posted it before, we Dedicate this for the freshers in the page.
For quality Day Old Chicks, layers cages Point of Lay Old / Spent Layers etc & More info 08036408292

This is a great and qualitative write up. I appreciate you. Keep up the good works.

2PNIGLTD:
HOW TO MAKE LAYERS TO DROP EGG AT 18 WEEKS (FEED INTAKE OF LAYER/BIRD/DAY)

Today’s egg producers are facing challenges in this changing industry. For producers looking to transition to a cage free system, they will need the right Nutrient and feed to make the change smooth and successful.
For those people new in the poultry production. To achieve early Egg production in your layers, Your bird needs to attain 285-300g, within 4 weeks. feed intake require by the Layers from week 1-16 weeks.

Week 1 - 11 gram for 7days

Week 2- 17 gram for 7 days

Week 3- 25 gram for 7 days (Expected weight of chick 200- 210 gram)

Week 4- 33 gram for 7 days (Expected weight of chick 285-300gram)

Week 5- 39 gram for 7 days (Expected weight of chick 380-400 gram).

Week 6- 44 gram/day for 7 days ( Expected weight of chick 470- 500gram)

Week 7- 48 gram /day for 7 days (Expected weight of chick 560- 600gram)

Week 8 - 52 gram / day for 7 days (Expected weight of chick 650- 690 gram)

Week 9- 56 gram /day for 7 days (Expected weight of chick 740- 780 gram)

Week 10- 60 gram / day for 7 days (Expected weight of chick 830- 870 gram)

Week 11- 65 gram / day for 7 days (Expected weight of chick 920- 960 gram)

Week 12- 68 gram/ day for 7 days (Expected weight of chick 1010- 1050 gram).

Week 13 - 71 gram / day for 7 days (Expected weight of chick 1100- 1140 gram).

Week 14 - 74 gram / day for 7 days (Expected weight of chick 1185- 1230gram)

Week 15 - 77 gram/ day for 7 days (Expected weight of chick 1270- 1320gram).

Week 16 - 80 gram / day for 7 days (Expected weight of chick 1355-1410 gram).

Week 17 - 83 gram / day for 7 days (Expected weight of chick 1140- 1500 gram).
To achieve this weight, u need to formulate feed for your birds to meet the target weight or buy quality Feed for your layers.
For your poultry equipment and accessories plus consultancy call 08036408292

Applauses. Expect my email soon

Thank you sir

GreenAcres:


This is a great and qualitative write up. I appreciate you. Keep up the good works.

We look forward to doing business with you sir

GreenAcres:


Applauses. Expect my email soon

Starting a Poultry Farming Business – Sample Business Plan Template
1. Select your Poultry Niche
The poultry industry is a broad niche. There are many sub-sectors in the poultry industry which you can tap into. When poultry farming is mentioned, a lot of people take that to mean chicken rearing or turkey rearing alone but poultry farming is a very wide business with different aspects. Below are niches in the poultry business:
Egg production (Layers breeding)
Meat production (Broilers breeding)
Chicken breeding (Hatchery)
Poultry feed production
Poultry equipment manufacturing
Egg and meat processing, packaging and marketing
Poultry marketing and consultancy
So, you see that poultry farming is very wide. Therefore, you have to choose your area of specialization. Of course, if you have enough capital and the technical know-how nothing stops you from doing all the businesses under poultry farming but it is always better to go back to the drawing board, find out which aspects of poultry farming are more profitable in your area in terms of demand and income and then select the most attractive aspects to concentrate on.
2. What type of bird will you be focusing on?
Another important factor to consider is the type of birds you wish to rear. There are several types of birds that you can rear. Poultry farming can further be classified into the types of birds:
Domestic fowl or Chicken (Broilers and layers)
Turkey
Guinea fowl
Pigeon
Duck
Goose
Peacock
Quail
You also have to decide on whether you want to rear layers or broilers. Layers are usually raised mainly for laying eggs so if egg production is your area of specialization, you would need to stock your farm with layers but if you prefer to opt for meat production instead, then you would need broilers instead because broilers have the ability to grow very fat and gives more return on investment because they weigh a lot more than other breeds. But for this article, I will be focusing on poultry breeding for egg and meat purposes with respect to the domestic fowl.
3. Start-up Capital Investment
The poultry farming business is capital intensive; depending on the scale, location of your farm and the type of management technology used. A small scale poultry farm being run behind your house may require a capital of between $500 – $1,500. A medium scale poultry farm may require $2,000 – $5,000 and a large scale poultry farm may require a start-up capital of $10,000 and above. Like I stated earlier, scale is directly proportional to capital.
4. Poultry Location
A good location is vital to the success and profitability of your poultry farm. An ideal poultry farm should be sited where there’s a large availability of cheap land and at the same time; should be close to areas with high population density. It’s not advisable to site your poultry farm within a residential area because of the offensive odour it produces.
While it is smart to start your poultry farm in a place where the odor and noise would not disturb other people, you should also consider the security factor. Lands in sparsely populated settlements are cheap and you would have fewer issues with community disturbance and zoning but it may be far from your market and buyers. You need to find a balance, look for a place that is favorable to you and would also be favorable to your customers at the same time.
5. Housing your birds
Another important factor to consider is the poultry housing system and fencing options. Poultry housing system determines up to 40% of the rater of success you would achieve in poultry farming. A good housing system is very important for your poultry farm. The housing system commonly used in poultry farming are-:
Extensive system: Range and fold unit
Semi Intensive system: Standard semi intensive unit and straw yard
Intensive system: i. Deep litter, ii. Wire and slated floor, iii. Straw yard, iv. Battery cage
a. Free Range System-: Under free range poultry farming system, chickens are allowed to roam around on their own in search for food. This system cannot be used for commercial poultry farming because of the high level of risks involved.
b.Deep Litter System-: This system involves spreading wood shavings or saw dust on a concrete ground with the chickens placed on the floor and the dust serving as a ‘cushion’ for them. The dust is changed regularly, either by removing and replacing or by layering.
Deep litter system is used by a lot of poultry farmers because it increases efficiency and makes it easier to manage large flocks of birds but it allows for a faster spread of diseases when there is an outbreak and also makes it difficult to fish out unproductive birds.
c. Battery Cage System-: As for the battery cage system, metal cages are constructed inside a building to house the birds. The cages are usually split into different compartments to house small groups of birds. The cages also contain feeding and water troughs as well as laying nests.
Bird droppings fall on the floor and are cleaned mechanically by a scraper. This method is considered to be the most effective for egg production but the major downside of this method is that it is more expensive to construct and maintain compared to other forms of poultry housing systems.
If you are running a poultry farm for commercial purposes and you intend getting the best out of the business; with respect to high birds’ productivity and efficiency. Then you should consider housing your birds using the intensive system. Note that each of the three housing system has its own advantages and disadvantages. Lastly, your poultry housing structure should be built at a particular angle; taking sunlight and wind into consideration.
6. Poultry equipment and appliances
There is a very long list of equipment and facilities to put in place in order to fully manage a poultry farm. You would need to construct a house for the birds, provide feeders and drinkers, a good waste disposal system, source of water, lightening and heat, egg crates and storage space for keeping feed and eggs.
Therefore, you should make a list of all the items you would need, find out the prices and compare different prices to further give you an idea of the costs of setting up the poultry farm.The following equipment may be needed for your poultry farm and their uses:
Feeders
Drinkers
Perches
Nests
Crates
Lighting system
Waste disposal system
Incubator
Heaters or brooders
Egg tray
Cages and coops
7. Feeding your birds-: Feeding is a major aspect of poultry farming. In fact, about 70% of your expenses would go towards poultry feeding. Therefore, it is imperative to figure out the feeding aspects of business before you go into it. There are two ways to go about feeding in poultry farming:
Producing your feeds by yourself
Buying already-made poultry feeds
I recommend the former for large commercial poultry farms because it helps you to save a lot of money on feeding costs. You can easily learn how to make poultry feeds, purchase equipment and start producing feeds for your farm. You can even make some extra income for yourself by selling to others but it is important that you get the right feed formula and ingredients that would enhance the growth of your birds.
8. Poultry Farm staffing and manpower
Operating a poultry farm is not labor intensive if the use of technology is employed. With respect to staffing, the number of manpower needed is also dependent on the size of your farm. But some must haves should be admin officer or manager; who will oversee the day to day running of your business. Your manager can also double as your accountant to cut down cost.
It is also advisable you have personnel who will reside permanently in the farm to monitor and see to the well being of your birds. You will also need security personnel that will monitor the inflow and outflow of people around your farm; and most importantly, guard against theft. Aside these few mentioned, you can add more personnel to suit your business needs.
9. Accounting-: I mentioned in one of my previous articles how a lot of poultry farmers take the accounting and record keeping aspects of their business for granted. Poultry farming is just like any other commercial business out there and for you to track your performance and productivity, adequate records must be kept.
You don’t need to have an accounting background or spend hours on record keeping or accounting for your farm; just purchase a farm management software, install it on your computer and there you are, you would be able to know how your business is doing and whether you are growing or not.
10. Health-: Just like you need regular health check-up to stay in good shape, the birds in your farm also need regular check-up. They need proper vaccines and medications to prevent diseases and promote growth. You should have a consultant, a veterinary doctor who would be in charge of giving vaccinations and providing proper health care for the birds. Chicks need more care after they hatch especially within their first 3 weeks.
11. Marketing-: Another factor to give consideration to is the marketing aspect of your poultry business. You have to find a way to reach your customers and this would be done by employing the right marketing techniques. Therefore, before you start a poultry business, you should really consider the marketing strategies which you would use to break into the market.
12. Projected return on investment
The incubation period of the domestic fowl is 21 days. You can start selling off your birds as early as 8 – 12 weeks but full maturity is reached between 20 – 24 weeks. The payback period of a poultry farming business is between 3 – 5 years.

..

Do you have maize drier or tuber drier for removing or reducing the moisture in maize or tubers

2PNIGLTD:
Maize sheller 260kg/hr call 08036408292

Yes sir we have dryer for maize but for yam you must have a chipping machine to reduce drying time but the same maize dryer can serve the same purpose.. 08036408262 for more or whatsapp

Oreope123:
Do you have maize drier or tuber drier for removing or reducing the moisture in maize or tubers

THINGS TO NOTE BEFORE VACCINATION
1.)Transport the vaccines in well-insulated cool boxes containing ice packs to keep the temperature constant.
Administer vitamins a day to vaccination and a day after to minimise stress.
2.)Never mix vaccine and vitamins or any other drugs .
3.)Do not vaccinate sick birds.
4.)In case of any ongoing antibiotic flock treatment, withdraw the treatment two days prior to vaccination and don't give any antibiotic two days after vaccination.
5.)Minimise vaccine reactions by reducing exposure time after preparation. Try as much as Possible to administer vaccine immediately after preparation.
6.)For vaccines administered through drinking water, the drinking time should be at most 30 minutes ; maximun 45 minutes. Discard the remaining water, wash the drinkers and provide fresh water mixed with vitamins.
7.)Store the vaccine at +2 to +8°C .Never store in the freezer.
8.)Never use chlorinated water during vaccination.Use powdered skimmed milk or chlorine neutralizing tablets to dechlorinate.
9.)Always vaccinate your birds early in the morning or late in the evening.
10.)Deny your birds water for two hours before vaccination to make them thirsty so that they take the vaccine in the shortest time possible.
11.)As a rule when mixing vaccines mix it in 40% of the daily water intake.Example if they take 10litres per day mix the vaccine in 4 ltrs of water to be taken within 45mins
12.)When you buy the vaccine go straight to the farm without wandering about.Ensure there is enough ice block wrapped together with the vaccine.
13.)When you buy the vaccine check the batch number and expiry date.
14.)Always invite a vet when doing the injectable vaccine to ensure the right site of injection.
15.)Strictly follow the vaccination programme never assume.
16.)Each vaccine is designed for a specific route of administration. Use only the recommended route.
17.)Protect vaccines from heat and direct sunlight.
God bless the works of our hands IJN.

E..

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*YOUR NEED TO KNOW*
*Very simple Ways To Reduce or Prevent High Mortality Rate in Poultry Farming*
A major cause of economic losses in poultry farming is high mortality and once a farm records a high one before the end of the production cycle then they shouldn't expect profits at all.
Below are very simple ways in which you can prevent mortality in poultry asides *poultry biosecurity*
*1. Always wash drinkers and replace the leftover water*
Make sure you wash the drinkers or drinking trough of your birds every morning and replace the water with clean and cool one. Don’t use chlorinated water or water from a stream or river that you don’t know its source. Also, ensure that you rinse off the drinkers to avoid re-contaminating the fresh water with soaps or detergents.
*Note:* Please don’t ever discard leftover water around the pens. If you do, you’re signaling to soldier ants to pay your birds a visit. So discard leftover feeds and water far away from the production pens
*2. Serve water before feeds*
Birds are different from humans or other animals. You must always serve them water before you serve them feeds, especially if you’re on a deep-litter system. This is *to avoid stampeding* as the chickens struggle for feeds at the same point.
*3. Avoid serving moldy feeds*
It is dangerous and risky to serve moldy feeds to your birds. Don’t do it. It is just like giving them poison. Moldy feeds can make your birds to become sick or have disease(s).
*4. Strictly follow medication and vaccination schedule strictly*
You need to get the right vaccination chart and medication schedule of the poultry species you’re raising from your hatchery source or your vet Dr. This helps in immunizing your birds against some poultry killer diseases like Newcastle Diseases (ND), Fowl Pox, Fowl Typhoid, Gumboro Disease, Avian encephalomyelit
is (AE or Epidemic Tremor), Marek’s Disease, etc. Medication such as dewormer and antibiotics are very important to the health of your chickens and other poultry species.
*5. Collect and raise healthy chicks from reputable farms and hatcheries*
Most of the health problems faced by birds especially as chicks are as a result of a poor genetic background or early life. Some chickens are the product of poor parents. Some egg hatcheries are not reputable as they raise poor parent stocks to produce fertile eggs, or they buy eggs from bad and problematic parent stock farms. There are some poultry farmers who never make any attempts to know the source of eggs of a particular hatchery they are buying chicks from, hence they collect and raise problematic chicks. Have you considered why your chicks die without a real cause. It could be traceable to poor parent stock Management.
Profem and partners Nigeria limited is the way 08036408292

APPEARANCE OF FAECES IN CHICKENS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS
* Droopin with blood ~ *Coccidiosis*
* Greenish drooping ~ late stage of worms, ND Newcastle Disease, eaten not well dry materials or eaten alot green vegetables if free-ranged., fowl cholera.
* White, Milky running drooping ~ worms, gumboro disease (Infectious bursal disease) IBD.
* Brown runny drooping = E.coli infection.
* Yellow and Foaming drooping ~ Early stage of Coccidiostat.
* Black dropping ~ possibility of internal bleeding or too much of proteins.
* Clear or watery running drooping ~ stress or infection bronchitis..!
SOLUTIONS
For Coccidiosis = Toltrazuril base drug, Amprolium, Amprococ, Embacoc, Vitacox e.t.c
To deworm = Ivermectin base drugs and it also work for lice.
For Newcastle disease (ND or NCD) = laSota vaccine.
For Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) = Gumboro vaccine.
For Fowl Cholera/Typhoid, infection bronchitis, E.coli = there are many strong Antibiotics drugs that care for these like = pure oxytetracycline (oxytet), Enro, vitacox, Doxycycline, Erythromycin e.t.c .
For Internal bleeding = you have stop and pend the Antibiotics drugs using at that period then place them on vitamins for 3-5 days. Consigning the too much of proteins, one need to amend the feed formulation by analyse and runs the test at lab, and if you're purchasing finished feed report to the supplier or change the feed.
For the stress = is likely you stressed them for particular reason, like transferring from one place to another or they have too much heat or lack of unbalanced, instability and insufficient of water or feeds. All these are highly in need of amendments then place them on vitamins to compensate. Thanks.

....h

HOW TO PREVENT VACCINE FAILURE ON YOUR FARM:
1) STORAGE AND TRANSPORT: Buy your vaccine from reliable and reputable Vet.shop which has refrigeration facilities. Live vaccines are normally stored at a temperature of +2 c to +8 c. They should neither be frozen in a freezer nor stored above +8c. When transporting,the same temperature should be maintain on the farm. Transportation in a flask with ice cubes is good.

2) EXPIRING DATE: Check the expiry date on the vaccine vial before purchase.

3) DON'T VACCINATE SICK BIRDS: The immune system of a sick bird is weak,and cannot satisfactorily withstand a vaccine,let alone develop immunity against the disease. VACCINATION OF A SICK BIRD CAN,PRECIPITATE THE DISEASE IT IS INTENDED TO PREVENT. Sick birds should be therefore be allowed to recover before vaccination.

4) Vaccines administered via drinking water should be opened under the water into which it is to be mixed. This is because vaccines are normally vaccum sealed. When opened in the air they may draw contaminated air into the container or the vial.

5) Wherever necessary, deworming with KEPRO PIPER DEWORMER/ KEPRO LEVAMISOLE POWDER/KEPROMEC ORAL should be carried out one week prior to vaccination.

6) Do not vaccinate under High Temperature as it affect vaccine potency. Vaccination should be carried out during the cooler periods of the day. Heat sources in brooder house may be temporary turned off except when the weather is too cold.

7) AVOID STRESS DURING VACCINATION: Stress is a well documented and proven immuno-suppressant. During stress the plasma corticosteroid level increases significantly, which result in a severe protein catabolism (break down of protein), resulting in reduced protection of antibodies in the body ( poor antibody titres). Always use Multiple Vitamins like POWERVIT/VITAFLASH POWDER/ VITAMINOTRACE ORAL BEFORE AND AFTER ANY VACCINATION.

FEED : Feed also play a very important role directly or indirectly in the development of immunity. Birds fed with well balanced diet will respond better. Feed should be analyzed from time to time for the presence of MYCOTOXINS.

9) For administration of the correct dose ACTUAL WATER consumption must be known.

10) Supply sufficient drinkers and even distribution of the drinkers

11) Discontinued and stop the use of any medications at least 48 hours before the vaccination.

12) Try to use the vaccines as soon as possible the vaccines are reconstituted, delay may lead to decrease in the titre. Time and sequence of vaccination should be accurate.

13) Left over vaccine must be properly buried.

14) Use of SKIMMED MILK or colored water stabilizer ( CEVAMUNE) should be used. FARMERS SHOULD AVOID USED OF ANY POWDER MILK DURING VACCINATION. ANY POWDER MILK APART FROM SKIMMED MILK CONTAINED 9% OR 10% FAT,AND THIS FAT AGGREGATES ON OR NEAR THE SURFACE OF THE CONTAINER(DUE TO LIGHT WEIGHT OF THE FAT) WHERE VACCINE IS MIXED,LEADING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATION ZONES OF THE VACCINE IN THE CONTAINER.
15) After adding the SKIMMED milk or Cevamune ,wait 10 minutes for complete chlorine neutralization before opening the Vail's of the vaccine under the surface of the water.

14) Move quietly in the house to encourage the birds to drink

15) Trained and skilled vaccinators are essential to administer the vaccine. Untrained persons handling may result in wastage, improper dosage of vaccine and some birds may remain unvaccinated.

NB Human factor is a key factor and can make the difference between success and failure. Also consult your VET.DOCTOR.

"THE GAP BETWEEN THE FLOUR AND THE CAKE IS THE SAME AS THAT BETWEEN THE VACCINE AND PROTECTION. IT TAKES A GOOD COOK TO BAKE A TASTY CAKE"
Profem and partners cares
08036408292

Local pko expeller

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Nnm

Hhhh

gjgjj

Where is your location

kunleweb:

Interesting. Can i get a bulldozer/tractor on hire.purchase?

2PNIGLTD:
Where is your location

Home Lagos

Farm Ogun

Kindly chat us up on whatsapp or call 08036408292

kunleweb:



Home Lagos

Farm Ogun