I

PART A
Agricultural Extension can be defined as;
An education that brings about improvement in a systematic way,
through carefully planned and organized programmes
(Fenley and
Williams, 1964)

Or
Agric Extension is an educationally planned process render services, supply materials and educates farmers

3 main facets of agricultural extension
1. As a discipline
2. As a process
3. As a service


Extension education can simply be defined as programmes conducted outside the University. As it involves the dissemination of knowledge to rural people where they lived and worked.

Extension work is an out of school system of education.


DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AGRIC EXTENSION AND EXTENSION EDUCATION
AGRIC EXTENSION
EXTENSION EDUCATION
It is farmers centered
Focuses on the rural population that may or may not be farmers
Agricultural extension brings to the farming community information on new technologies, which they can adopt to increase productivity, incomes and standards of living
extension education helps all classes of people men, women and youth to solve their present and future economic, social and cultural problems
It is a service or system which assist farm people, through educational procedures in improving farming methods and techniques, increasing production efficiency and income, bettering their levels of living and lifting social and educational standards (Maunder, 1973)
Extension Education is the process of teaching rural people how to live better by learning ways to improve their farm, home and community institutions (Leagans, 1961).

COMMUNICATION EXTENSION is simply the passing of ideas, advice and information to farmers so as to influence the decisions of farmers on the adoption of improved farming methods that will increase productivity.


HISTORY OF AGRIC EXTENSION DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD.
NOTE THE FOLLOWING

● History has it that extension started in mesopotamia (present day iraq) in 1800BC

● Adoption of agricultural extension was in 1914 via the federal Smith-Lever act. This was also the year the term "agricultural extension" was used in the USA.

● Extension Education was first introduced in 1873 by Cambridge University in England

● US congress passed the hatch act in 1887

● The first agricultural extension service was established as a result of potato blight which led to potato famine in Europe from 1945-1951

● The term extension was not officially used until the University extension system was established in 1867 by Oxford & Cambridge Universities.

DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION IN NIGERIA.
Do well to take note of the following;
COLONIAL PERIOD
● Organized agricultural extension services could be traced back to 1893. This was also the year the Dept of Botanical research was established in Olokomeji.

● Moor plantation was established in 1905

● Unified Agricultural Dept in 1922

● Colonial department of agriculture for southern Nigeria in 1910

● School of agriculture, Samaru Zaria 1930s

● Niger Farm Settlement Project 1947

● Regional ministries of agriculture 1952

POST COLONIAL PERIOD
NAFP - 1972
OFM - 1976
ADP - 1975
FADAMA (PHASE.1) - 1992
ADAP - 1982
RDBA - 1973
NDE - 1986
NAIS - 1987
PAP - 2000
NEEDS - 2004
NSPFS - 2003


PART A
RURAL can be defined as a remote area of distance far away from seat of government with relative isolation, small size, low population, with agriculture being the major economic activity and the people being homogeneous in their values, behavior, attributes.

3 indicators of rurality Viz;
1. Community size.
2. Amenities found within the community.
3. Proportion of male heads engaged in farming as primary occupation.

SOCIOLOGY is the scientific study of human society & social behavior concerned with people's relationship and interaction with one another.

RURAL SOCIOLOGY is a branch of sociology that deals with the scientific study of rural life. It is the study of the social & cultural factors affecting the lives of those in rural communities.

CULTURE is a social phenomenon that is learned through the collective experiences of members of a society from generation to generation through education and socialization.

BELIEFS are the accepted statements or ideas taken by members of a society as true regardless of whether they're in exact conformity with the existing standard or not.

SOCIAL CHANGE can get defined as the process by which alterations occur in the structure & function of a social system--- it is simply a change in ideas, values, Norma etc of a people

COMMUNICATION can get defined as a conceptualized process of information flow by which ideas are transfered from a source to a receiver with the intent to change his/her knowledge, attitude, skill or to modify his/her behavior.

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