Air is crucial for combustion in the engine. The work of the air filter is to stop impurities from finding its way into the combustion chamber. The air filter is mounted over the air intake valve to filter out dirt, debris and insects. The air filter traps impurities that would normally work their way into the engine and cause damage. Normally used more as a filter, it becomes clogged with time, preventing air from passing through. This begs the question, how can you know when your air filter needs to be replaced? We’ll look at the symptoms in more detail below.

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https://www.spotdem.com/2022/04/23/signs-that-your-cars-air-filter-needs-to-be-replaced/