Simulation of an arduino based battery charging monitoring system on labcenter proteus.

The system takes logical decisions on LED indicators and relays using battery voltage level as a criteria. The two yellow LEDs represent relay modules that get triggered when a digital high signal is received from the microcontroller.

when battery voltage falls below 10v, The RGB LED gives off red as an indication that the battery is low. At the same time, it triggers the relay on pin 4 to cut off further supply to the load. The rating of this relay is a function of the load. A buzzer can also be made to give off alarm shortly before this shutdown if necessary.

At 12.8V, the RGB LED gives off its green light indicating that the battery is full. Again, the relay connected to pin 7 receives a digital HIGH signal that triggers it; disconnecting the battery from the charger. A 12v, 30amps relay is sufficient for this stage.

RGB LED gives off its blue light for all voltages in-between 10.0v and 12.8v. Notice that no relay is triggered. Again, this may be unnecessary.

Even though the accuracy of this voltmeter reading can be improved upon by the use of an LM4040 voltage precision module, the inaccuracies can be greatly minimised by ensuring the reference voltage used is 5.0V. I recommend the use of an LM317 variable power supply system to power the Atmega328p.

This system finds application in the design of industrial battery chargers up to 24V. The chargers are designed firstly, and then given their smart functionality by incorporating them with this control system.

There are in fact thousands of power transformerless DC to AC converters from China in our local markets for as low as 10,000 NGN. Incorporating them with a charging and an Automatic load Transfer system, could just be all that is required to build a local 1kva inverter with modified square wave output for low power users in the rural areas.

Although this is strictly a DC system, the code can be modified for undertaking similar tasks with AC voltages. More notably in the design of a voltage monitor when building load panels.

The circuit has been implemented and deployed in small power supply systems. for further enquiry on the complete circuit and code for building this project, kindly send me a direct message. I will be glad to help