From the 8th century to around the 14th century, the medieval world witnessed what is known as the Islamic Golden Age. During this time, Muslims across the Middle East, North Africa and Europe pioneered swathes of cultural, social and scientific inventions and innovations.

The lives of human beings around the globe today would be quite different without the contributions of these medieval Muslim thinkers and inventors. Hospitals, universities, coffee and even the predecessors of modern violins and cameras, for example, were all pioneered during the Islamic Golden Age.

Here are 9 Muslim inventions and innovations of the medieval period.

1. Coffee
Yemen is where the ubiquitous dark bean brew has its origins from around the 9th century. In its early days, coffee assisted Sufis and Mullahs to stay up during late nights of religious devotion. It was later brought to Cairo in Egypt by a group of students.


By the 13th century, coffee had reached Turkey, but it wasn’t until 300 years later that the drink, in its various forms, began to be brewed in Europe. It was first brought to Italy, now famously associated with quality coffee, by a Venetian trader.

2. The flying machine
Although Leonardo Da Vinci is associated with early designs for flying machines, it was Andalusian-born astronomer and engineer Abbas ibn Firnas who first constructed a flying device, and technically flew it, in the 9th century. Firnas’ design consisted of a winged apparatus made of silk that fitted around a man like a bird costume.


During a botched flight trial in Cordoba, Spain, Firnas managed to briefly fly upwards before falling back to the ground and partially breaking his back. But his designs may have been an inspiration for Leonardo hundreds of years later.


From Notre-Dame Cathedral to the Houses of Parliament, European architecture is indebted to the Muslim world. Diana Darke joined Dan on the pod to discuss how medieval crusaders, pilgrims and merchants encountered Arab Muslim culture on their way to the Holy Land.

3. Algebra
The word algebra comes from the title of the 9th-century book Kitab al-Jabra, by Persian mathematician and astronomer Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi. The pioneering work translates as a tome of reasoning and balancing by the man who became known as the ‘father of algebra’. Al-Khwarizmi was also the first individual to introduce the mathematical concept of raising a number to a power.


4. Hospitals
What we now view as modern centres of health – providing medical treatments, training and study – first emerged in 9th-century Egypt. The very first medical centre is thought to have been constructed in Cairo in 872 by Ahmad ibn Tulun, the ‘Abbasid governor of Egypt’.

Ahmad ibn Tulun Hospital, as it is known, provided free care for all – a policy based on the Muslim tradition of caring for anyone who was sick. Similar hospitals spread from Cairo around the Muslim world.

5. Modern optics
Around the year 1000, the physicist and mathematician Ibn al-Haytham proved the theory that humans see objects by light reflecting off them and entering the eye. This radical view went against the established theory at the time that light was emitted from the eye itself and pioneered centuries of scientific study into the human eye.
Al-Haytham also invented the ‘camera obscura’, a device that forms the basis of photography and explained how the eye sees images upright due to the connection between the optic nerve and the brain.
Muslim polymath Al-Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham.

6. Surgery
Born in 936, court physician Al Zahrawi, from southern Spain, published a 1,500 page illustrated encyclopaedia of surgery techniques and tools titled Kitab al Tasrif. The book went on to be used as a medical reference tool in Europe for 500 years. Alongside his surgical investigations, he developed surgical tools for C-sections and cataract surgeries and invented a device to safely crush kidney stones.


Over a 50-year career, he investigated gynaecology issues, performed the first tracheotomy operation and studied eyes, ears and noses in great detail. Zahrawi also discovered the use of dissolving threads to stitch wounds. Such an innovation did away with the need for a second surgery to remove sutures.

7. Universities
The first university in the world was the University of al-Qarawiyyin in Fez, Morocco. It was founded by Fatima al-Fihri, a Muslim woman from Tunisia. The institution first emerged as a mosque in 859, but later grew into the al-Qarawiyyan mosque and university. It still operates 1200 years later and is a reminder that learning is at the core of the Islamic tradition.

For way too long we Westerners have been espying history through the lens of our own success. But truth is, Britain only had its moment because some trade winds blew our sailors in a favourable direction, and America was only discovered because Europeans were seeking the Indies.

8. The crank
The hand-operated crank is thought to have first been used in ancient China. The device led to the emergence, in 1206, of the revolutionary crank and connecting rod system, which converted rotary motion into a reciprocating one. First documented by Ismail al-Jazari, a scholar, inventor and mechanical engineer in what is now Iraq, it assisted with the lifting of heavy objects with relative ease, including the pumping of water up a crankshaft.


9. Bowed instruments
Among many instruments that arrived in Europe through the Middle East are the lute and the Arabian rabab, the first known bowed instrument and an ancestor of the violin, which was played widely in Spain and France in the 15th century. Modern musical skills are also said to have derived from the Arabic alphabet.

A rabab, or Berber ribab, a traditional Arabic instrument.

Violence

1. Coffee was invented in Ethiopia around 800 AD. Dont steal African glory.

2. The flying machine. It's called a glider because it doesn't fly just like a parachute.

3. Correct.

4. The first "hospital" was built in pagan Roman empire in 4 AD.

5. Correct.

6. Correct

7. Debatable

8. Good to see you acknowledged the actual inventor, the Chinese.

9. This one belong to the Indians. It is called Ravanahatha.

ivolt:
1. Coffee was invented in Ethiopia around 800 AD. Dont steal African glory.

2. The flying machine. It's called a glider because it doesn't fly just like a parachute.

3. Correct.

4. The first "hospital" was built in pagan Roman empire in 4 AD.

5. Correct.

6. Correct

7. Debatable

8. Good to see you acknowledged the actual inventor, the Chinese.

9. This one belong to the Indians. It is called Ravanahatha.

Thanks for setting the records straight.

Modern University began with monks in the medieval Europe.

Muslim inventors that attended Christian schools

ivolt:
1. Coffee was invented in Ethiopia around 800 AD. Dont steal African glory.

2. The flying machine. It's called a glider because it doesn't fly just like a parachute.

3. Correct.

4. The first "hospital" was built in pagan Roman empire in 4 AD.

5. Correct.

6. Correct

7. Debatable

8. Good to see you acknowledged the actual inventor, the Chinese.

9. This one belong to the Indians. It is called Ravanahatha.

What's the difference between 9th century and 800AD?

And fir the bowed instrument, are you aware India was once a thriving Islamic civilization. Islamic republic of Afghanistan, Islamic republic of Pakistan and Bangladesh were all part of India in 19th century, that not even too long. So, you never thought of it's invention by Muslims there.. even till date the Muslim population in India is over 240million far above population of Nigeria.

Lie no 1 : Algebra was not invented by islam

Don’t let these liars fool you

Islam and lies is like garri and sugar...Without lies islam dies.

Lie no 2 : The first university was not the University of Al-Qarawiyyin

It was a mosque and then many hundreds of years later ,the same building was later used as an educational institution.
You have to calculate from the time the actual learning started not when the building was constructed

For instance , if I built a shop in 2020 and used it for a barbing salon, then in 2023 , I stopped barbing and starting cooking in the shop, do you calculate my cooking business to have started in 2020 when I the shop was built ? No

Lie no 3 :
Surgery was not invented by Islam

Lie no 4 : Hospitals were not invented by Islam

These guys are bloody liars

Almost everything claimed here has been discredited

I think it's algebra they invented

The only thing invented that's of Muslim origin is Guillotine, Sword, Bomb and Koran

STRI1:


The French invented guillotine
Sword and bomb aren't invented by Muslims

Oops! I thought it was invented by Muslims because they perfected the use of those inventions. Like, they would prefer those inventions to School, medicine, food and science.

kenny714433:
The only thing invented that's of Muslim origin is Guillotine, Sword, Bomb and Koran

The French invented guillotine
Sword and bomb aren't invented by Muslims

BitterTruth01:
Lie no 4 : Hospitals were not invented by Islam

These guys are bloody liars

how do those things discredit the invaentions

I think.yoir will.now disprove cnn

Yoor.bloody liar

http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/01/29/muslim.inventions/index.html

i will give you 100 inventions from wikipedia by the muslims

more
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_inventions_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world

Astronomy using (solar and lunar)
Mensuration mathematics

kenny714433:
The only thing invented that's of Muslim origin is Guillotine, Sword, Bomb and Koran

Go and read very well about the French Revolution and you'll see who invented guillotine. Even a kg2 history student of French must have been taught the relationship between the guillotine and french revolution. No one can seperate the two

The guillotine killed Iver 6,000 people including Antelliote and Louis the 16th who are the last monarchs of France.

BitterTruth01
BitterTruth01
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Videos. An assignment to you

https://youtube.com/shorts/00X8op8Fux0?feature=share


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=879kqbx9rqc


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u-Jq9VIjLJY


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vAzR3RTlUh0


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3GyZNB3oBVs

BitterTruth01BitterTruth01BitterTruth01BitterTruth01BitterTruth01BitterTruth01BitterTruth01BitterTruth01BitterTruth01BitterTruth01BitterTruth01BitterTruth01BitterTruth01BitterTruth01BitterTruth01BitterTruth01BitterTruth01BitterTruth01BitterTruth01BitterTruth01BitterTruth01BitterTruth01BitterTruth01BitterTruth01BitterTruth01BitterTruth01BitterTruth01BitterTruth01BitterTruth01BitterTruth01

None by criminally low iq Nigerian Muslims

tundein18:
None by criminally low iq Nigerian Muslims

What has Nigerian Christians invented aside Olosho and stealing by taking tithes?

Christians started mass killing in this Country:


First Coup: Christians

Civil war: Christians

Yahoo Yahoo : Mostly Christians

Cocaine Pushing: Mostly Christians

Olosho and Ashawo: Mostly Christians


Beer parlour: Mostly Christians....

JAMO84:
What has Nigerian Christians invented aside Olosho and stealing by taking tithes?

Christians started mass killing in this Country:


First Coup: Christians

Civil war: Christians

Yahoo Yahoo : Mostly Christians

Cocaine Pushing: Mostly Christians

Olosho and Ashawo: Mostly Christians


Beer parlour: Mostly Christians....

Most gullible people I have met in my life are the Christians. One thing that amazes about them is their relationship with Jews, jews don't believe the miraculous birth of Jesus Christ but muslim does, till date Christians are being persecuted by Jews, they refer to Christ as bastard and her mother as harlots while Islam mention them as honorable and Godly. Yet, whenever Jews attack Islam, Christians give outstanding support to Jews and help them spread propaganda about Islam.
Even Christian world help Jews propagate their lies and agenda.
Everything about Christianity is the culture and manipulation of the west. If western world go against what is in the Bible, the Christian world will follow them sheepishly. One example is gay and transgender rights. People with no knowledge and doctrine.

STRI1:


If you have a functional Brain. What dies declaration of Christianity and council of niceea trinity declaration has to do with Muslims inventing hospitals?

Use your ‘functional’ brain

Some people because they have fish brain, they think that everything inventory is from the West, and the problem is that they don't want to learn, they choose to remain with their ignorance as far as it's what they want to hear. 2 hundred years back they are illiterate living in the bush naked but they will come out today abusing and challenging Islamic inventions that has been around for thousands of years.

Only thing head slamming mohammadian terrorists invented is rape,war,bomb and killing for blasphemy...

Anyway God bless the good people of Southsouth and Southwest