Below is United State government definition of Forgery


§471. Obligations or securities of United States. Whoever, with intent to defraud, falsely makes, forges, counterfeits, or alters any obligation or other security of the United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.
https://uscode.house.gov › view › c...
18 USC Ch. 25: COUNTERFEITING AND FORGERY - U.S. Code


Below is Wikipedia Definition of forgery

Forgery is a white-collar crime that generally refers to the false making or material alteration of a legal instrument with the specific intent to defraud.[1][2] Tampering with a certain legal instrument may be forbidden by law in some jurisdictions but such an offense is not related to forgery unless the tampered legal instrument was actually used in the course of the crime to defraud another person or entity. Copies, studio replicas, and reproductions are not considered forgeries, though they may later become forgeries through knowing and willful.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forgery

Below is Nigeria definition of Forgery
Any person who knowingly and fraudulently utters a false document or writing, or a counterfeit seal, is guilty of an offence of the same kind and is liable to the same punishment as if he had forged the thing in question.
https://jurist.ng › ... › Chapter 44
Section 468 of the Criminal Code Act in Nigeria.

My opinion

When we remove intention from a crime, it becomes witch-hunting, a harm, academic, mischievous and injustice. That is why Manslaughter is not the same as Murder even though they both lead to grave consequences
of death of someone. In all the definitions above intention is key.

You now know why, the school didn't regard what Tinubu submitted as forgery whether it came from them or not because it is not in United State Jurisdiction especially strengthened with the fact it is a ceremonial document.

What is submitted to INEC is a photocopy not original. The claim in the document just need to be true. As long as there is no false claim it cannot be forgery. it is simply a copy made inadvertently without doing due diligence.

Again, this issue of Tinubu will be subjected to two Jurisdiction. United state and Nigeria. You can't ignore the country and the school where the documents came from. If US and CSU says it is not a forgery, it is of material importance.

i have attached Section 465 and 468 of the criminal code Act below. It must be done Knowingly with an intention to defraud

Fvck Wikipedia!

Joke is on the naysayers.......

Naija2023:
Below is United State gov definition of Forgery


§471. Obligations or securities of United States. Whoever, with intent to defraud, falsely makes, forges, counterfeits, or alters any obligation or other security of the United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.
https://uscode.house.gov › view › c...
18 USC Ch. 25: COUNTERFEITING AND FORGERY - U.S. Code


Below is Wikipedia Definition of forgery

Forgery is a white-collar crime that generally refers to the false making or material alteration of a legal instrument with the specific intent to defraud.[1][2] Tampering with a certain legal instrument may be forbidden by law in some jurisdictions but such an offense is not related to forgery unless the tampered legal instrument was actually used in the course of the crime to defraud another person or entity. Copies, studio replicas, and reproductions are not considered forgeries, though they may later become forgeries through knowing and willful.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forgery

Rubbish.

It is the Nigeria definition that counts and according to Nigeria criminal act.

Tinubu is going down.


Section 468 of the Criminal Code Act in Nigeria says, “Any person who knowingly and fraudulently utters a false document or writing, or a counterfeit seal, is guilty of an offence of the same kind and is liable to the same punishment as if he had forged the thing in question.

“It is immaterial whether the false document or writing, or counterfeit seal, was made in Nigeria or elsewhere.

Falsification under Nigeria law is considered forgery and Tinubu clearly presented a false document claiming he passed GCE in a school that was not in existence.

Im amazed Reno omokri as sensible as he thinks he is refuses to comment on this. Everybody is foolishly ranting about certificate.

Bola Ahmed is a local and international Molly seller

AllenSpencer:
Fvck Wikipedia!

What is submitted to INEC is a photocopy not original. The claim in the document just need to be true. As long as there is no false claim it cannot be forgery. it is simply a copy made inadvertently without doing due diligence

wrongnumber:


Rubbish.

It is the Nigeria definition that counts and according to Nigeria criminal act.

Tinubu is going down.


Section 468 of the Criminal Code Act in Nigeria says, “Any person who knowingly and fraudulently utters a false document or writing, or a counterfeit seal, is guilty of an offence of the same kind and is liable to the same punishment as if he had forged the thing in question.

“It is immaterial whether the false document or writing, or counterfeit seal, was made in Nigeria or elsewhere.

Falsification under Nigeria law is considered forgery and Tinubu clearly presented a false document claiming he passed GCE in a school that was not in existence.

Im amazed Reno omokri as sensible as he thinks he is refuses to comment on this. Everybody is foolishly ranting about certificate.

The constitution of Nigeria said Knowingly. Knowingly is key. If it is unknowingly done there is no forgery

Naija2023:


The constitution of Nigeria said Knowingly. Knowingly is key. If it is unknowingly done there is no forgery

I don't want to say what's on my mind.

I'm sure you go school.

Go and prove in court that Tinubu mistakenly gave a false document, unknowingly wrote the name of the school that does not exist, unknowingly wrote the false subjects and grades, unknowingly submitted it.

E be like sey Tinubu has used the brain of his supporters.

wrongnumber:


I don't want to say what's on my mind.

I'm sure you go school.

Go and prove in court that Tinubu mistakenly gave a false document, unknowingly wrote the name of the school that does not exist, unknowingly wrote the false subjects and grades, unknowingly submitted it.

E be like sey Tinubu has used the brain of his supporters.

Yes. it is easy to prove since third party vendors issue replacement certificate in the US and also because it is a ceremonial document.

Tinubu has already sworn an Affidavit he lost all his documents. it was simply a replacement document.

Naija2023:


Yes. it is easy to prove since third party vendors issue replacement certificate in the US and also because it is a ceremonial document.

Tinubu has already sworn an Affidavit he lost all his documents. it was simply a replacement document.

Are you sick or something? Sorry for my choice of words but you are sounding daft.

You and who is discussing about diploma cert?

Go back and read my first post.

wrongnumber:


Are you sick or something? Sorry for my choice of words but you are sounding daft.

You and who is discussing about diploma cert?

Go back and read my first post.

i am discussing diploma certificate because that is the only one submitted to INEC which is what can be questioned in the Supreme court in the appeal filled by Atiku and Obi

i am not discussing his admission to CSU. That can only be questioned in United State Jurisdiction .

i am interested in Substance as it relate to supreme court of Nigeria.

i can see your interest is the govt college Lagos he filled in his admission application form in the 70s. He didn't commit any forgery even in that. He didn't submit any certificate from govt college Lagos to CSU. that can only be said to be false claim in his history or Resume to CSU.

AllenSpencer:
Fvck Wikipedia!

Yeah Fck you too son.

wrongnumber:


Rubbish.

It is the Nigeria definition that counts and according to Nigeria criminal act.

Tinubu is going down.


Section 468 of the Criminal Code Act in Nigeria says, “Any person who knowingly and fraudulently utters a false document or writing, or a counterfeit seal, is guilty of an offence of the same kind and is liable to the same punishment as if he had forged the thing in question.

“It is immaterial whether the false document or writing, or counterfeit seal, was made in Nigeria or elsewhere.

Falsification under Nigeria law is considered forgery and Tinubu clearly presented a false document claiming he passed GCE in a school that was not in existence.

Im amazed Reno omokri as sensible as he thinks he is refuses to comment on this. Everybody is foolishly ranting about certificate.

I think you should be arrested for forgery. We cannot see Tinubu’s name or even the name of the school is not legible. You will be telling the police where you got this forged document.

Naija2023:
Below is United State government definition of Forgery


§471. Obligations or securities of United States. Whoever, with intent to defraud, falsely makes, forges, counterfeits, or alters any obligation or other security of the United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.
https://uscode.house.gov › view › c...
18 USC Ch. 25: COUNTERFEITING AND FORGERY - U.S. Code


Below is Wikipedia Definition of forgery

Forgery is a white-collar crime that generally refers to the false making or material alteration of a legal instrument with the specific intent to defraud.[1][2] Tampering with a certain legal instrument may be forbidden by law in some jurisdictions but such an offense is not related to forgery unless the tampered legal instrument was actually used in the course of the crime to defraud another person or entity. Copies, studio replicas, and reproductions are not considered forgeries, though they may later become forgeries through knowing and willful.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forgery

Below is Nigeria definition of Forgery
Any person who knowingly and fraudulently utters a false document or writing, or a counterfeit seal, is guilty of an offence of the same kind and is liable to the same punishment as if he had forged the thing in question.
https://jurist.ng › ... › Chapter 44
Section 468 of the Criminal Code Act in Nigeria.

My opinion

When we remove intention from a crime, it becomes witch-hunting, a harm, academic, mischievous and injustice. That is why Manslaughter is not the same as Murder even though they both lead to grave consequences
of death of someone. In all the definitions above intention is key.

You now know why, the school didn't regard what Tinubu submitted as forgery whether it came from them or not because it is not in United State Jurisdiction especially strengthened with the fact it is a ceremonial document.

What is submitted to INEC is a photocopy not original. The claim in the document just need to be true. As long as there is no false claim it cannot be forgery. it is simply a copy made inadvertently without doing due diligence.

Again, this issue of Tinubu will be subjected to two Jurisdiction. United state and Nigeria. You can't ignore the country and the school where the documents came from. If US and CSU says it is not a forgery, it is of material importance.

OP

The below is what that matters not some Wikipedia definition

Section 468 of the Criminal Code Act in Nigeria. Uttering false documents and counterfeit seals

Any person who knowingly and fraudulently utters a false document or writing, or a counterfeit seal, is guilty of an offence of the same kind and is liable to the same punishment as if he had forged the thing in question.

It is immaterial whether the false document or writing, or counterfeit seal, was made in Nigeria or elsewhere.

More: https://jurist.ng/criminal_code_act/sec-468

'The claim in the document just need to be true'

Lol

Una dey funny

Ofunaofu:


OP

The below is what that matters not some Wikipedia definition

Section 468 of the Criminal Code Act in Nigeria. Uttering false documents and counterfeit seals

Any person who knowingly and fraudulently utters a false document or writing, or a counterfeit seal, is guilty of an offence of the same kind and is liable to the same punishment as if he had forged the thing in question.

It is immaterial whether the false document or writing, or counterfeit seal, was made in Nigeria or elsewhere.

More: https://jurist.ng/criminal_code_act/sec-468

i already included that. But intention is still clearly relevant in Nigeria definition. Nigeria constitution said "Knowingly and Fraudulently"

As an American citizen, a graduate of two American universities, and a professor in one, I can tell the reader three major things Atiku’s Nigerian lawyers and his supporters on social media— and in some openly partisan news sites— are getting wrong.

The major one is the idea that because Tinubu presented a certificate (called a “diploma” in America) to INEC that didn’t emanate from Chicago State University, whose registrar affirmed under oath that Tinubu graduated from there, he has committed forgery in the legal sense of the term. That thinking betrays ignorance of the American university system—and results from people using their limited Nigerian lenses to refract an American phenomenon that’s beyond their experiential reality.

If you organize your own graduation ceremony, invite friends and family, and ask your father to confer your degree on you, it's fine so long as you validly earned the degree. Incidentally, an American family friend of mine did exactly that last May. His autistic son can't tolerate the sensory overload of large crowds. So, he organized his son’s graduation and invited friends and family. He dressed as the president, and his wife was the provost. His eldest daughter was the graduation speaker.

In America, the diploma is the printed version—or fixed extension—of a graduation ceremony. It’s merely ceremonial and can be tweaked or individualized by anyone without legal consequences.

It betrays a stupendous poverty of legal and logical imagination to say that the “forgery” (unauthorized redesign is a better expression) of a non-legally-binding ceremonial document of a validly earned degree invalidates the degree. It’s never mentioned in CSU’s diplomas that alteration of the documents renders them invalid because they have no validity beyond being decorative documents.

https://www.farooqkperogi.com/2023/10/ignorance-of-america-that-atikus.html

drlateef:




I think you should be arrested for forgery. We cannot see Tinubu’s name or even the name of the school is not legible. You will be telling the police where you got this forged document.

This one don craze finish.

Naija2023:


What is submitted to INEC is a photocopy not original. The claim in the document just need to be true. As long as there is no false claim it cannot be forgery. it is simply a copy made inadvertently without doing due diligence

Guy are you naturally like this or you choose to be like this.

I quoted a criminal act. I shower you the document Tinubu falsified with his claim that he sat for GCE and passed in a school that was never in existence.

That clearly contravens the Criminal act I quoted.

But I'm surprised you were still ranting about a diploma certificate. I don't understand.

drlateef:




I think you should be arrested for forgery. We cannot see Tinubu’s name or even the name of the school is not legible. You will be telling the police where you got this forged document.

Now this one is showcasing to the world how brainless he is.

A document that was presented to both south west college and Chicago State University by Tinubu as certified by CSU as part of the academic records released to Atiku

He is still spewing trash.

Obviously Tinubu supporters have one thing in common.

Funnily, United state will never grant you a visa if there is any discrepancy in your date of birth. The best thing for Tinubu now is to resign to avoid further humiliation. His primary school certificate is in doubt too and if found forged will automatically invalidate all other ones higher than that and I guess that's the harm he is talking about.

A dape olè ni jẹ ọmọ mi nfẹ́wo,> Please Mr lectural don't teach me nonsense, a crime is a crime don't white wash shit for me.

If course fuxk the entire universe so long it doesn't align or support you bigoted deluded Igbo hate filled leaning.

AllenSpencer:
Fvck Wikipedia!

Naija2023:
Below is United State government definition of Forgery


§471. Obligations or securities of United States. Whoever, with intent to defraud, falsely makes, forges, counterfeits, or alters any obligation or other security of the United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.
https://uscode.house.gov › view › c...
18 USC Ch. 25: COUNTERFEITING AND FORGERY - U.S. Code


Below is Wikipedia Definition of forgery

Forgery is a white-collar crime that generally refers to the false making or material alteration of a legal instrument with the specific intent to defraud.[1][2] Tampering with a certain legal instrument may be forbidden by law in some jurisdictions but such an offense is not related to forgery unless the tampered legal instrument was actually used in the course of the crime to defraud another person or entity. Copies, studio replicas, and reproductions are not considered forgeries, though they may later become forgeries through knowing and willful.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forgery

Below is Nigeria definition of Forgery
Any person who knowingly and fraudulently utters a false document or writing, or a counterfeit seal, is guilty of an offence of the same kind and is liable to the same punishment as if he had forged the thing in question.
https://jurist.ng › ... › Chapter 44
Section 468 of the Criminal Code Act in Nigeria.

My opinion

When we remove intention from a crime, it becomes witch-hunting, a harm, academic, mischievous and injustice. That is why Manslaughter is not the same as Murder even though they both lead to grave consequences
of death of someone. In all the definitions above intention is key.

You now know why, the school didn't regard what Tinubu submitted as forgery whether it came from them or not because it is not in United State Jurisdiction especially strengthened with the fact it is a ceremonial document.

What is submitted to INEC is a photocopy not original. The claim in the document just need to be true. As long as there is no false claim it cannot be forgery. it is simply a copy made inadvertently without doing due diligence.

Again, this issue of Tinubu will be subjected to two Jurisdiction. United state and Nigeria. You can't ignore the country and the school where the documents came from. If US and CSU says it is not a forgery, it is of material importance.

i have attached Section 465 and 468 of the criminal code Act below. It must be done Knowingly with an intention to defraud

Don't stress yourself trying to explain to them, in due time, the supreme court will communicate to them officially.
Atiku and his lawyers already know the truth, that is why you see them looking for Adekunle rather than focusing on what they went to US to collect. The NYSC certificate was here before they travel to the US, only for them to return from US and the search for Adekunle begins.