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Why Jordan Can't Accept Palestinians: Brief History Of PLO And Jordan War - Foreign Affairs - Nairaland

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Why Jordan Can't Accept Palestinians: Brief History Of PLO And Jordan War by OfficialAPCNig: 10:00pm On Oct 28, 2023
Because the last time they tried to house and let a significant amount of the remnants of the Palestinians near their society, their prime minister was assassinated and the country was invaded.

A bit of a history lesson then.

So after the 1967 Six Days War, the PLO retreated to Jordan. Fatah, one of the PLO factions, under the leadership of Yasser Arafat, used one of the local towns, Karameh, as their base for launching attacks against the IDF. After many attacks, the IDF decided to launch a raid to destroy the Fatah once and for all in 1968. The attack succeeded in destroying the Fatah base, but the Fatah leadership survived and the Israelis took quite a beating in the battle as they didn’t expect to fight the Jordanian regulars with their heavy equipment.


King Hussein of Jordan inspected the battlefield of Karameh

After the battle, Fatah took the credit for their victory and support for Fatah grew massively (even though a larger Jordanian force fought alongside them). They were seen as successful in breaking the myth of Israel’s “invincibility” and proved that the Arabs could defeat the IDF.

Fatah managed to control the PLO leadership when Yasser Arafat became the PLO’s new leader and branched out to many countries. They gained thousands of new members and numbered 20,000 by the end of that month, millions of dollars from the gulf states poured in for their activity, and some nations also offered training programs for their fighters. All in all, it was their greatest hour.


After that, they became very cocky in Jordan. They completely disregarded Jordan’s laws, mocked the Jordanian army for their role in the “war of destiny” against Israel, collected illegal taxes, patroled the roads of Amman, Jordan’s capital, like they owned the place, and attacked any Jordanian forces that tried to keep them under control.


By summer 1970, despite repeated agreements and mediation, the situation had grown even worse. The PLO fedayeen grew even more cocky and started to launch rockets at Israel from Jordan. Israel’s retaliation would hit the Royal Jordanian Army (RJA) positions too, and this angered the Jordanian soldiers even more against the fedayeen’s unnecessary provocations. One tank battalion even mutinied and nearly marched against the nearby PLO position until King Hussein personally intervened.

However, the overall situation had reached the boiling point. On June 1970, fighting broke between PLO’s fedayeen and Jordanian soldiers at Zarqa and Jordan’s general intelligence HQ. The fedayeen even fired at King Hussein’s motorcade that came to inspect the incident and killed one of the king’s guards.

In retaliation, a Bedouin unit of the Royal Jordanian Army mutinied and attacked a few Palestinian camps nearby for three days until the king and the RJA leadership managed to finally stop them. By then 300 people had been killed, including many civilians.


King Hussein and Arafat agreed to a ceasefire after the incident, but the two hardliner factions of the PLO, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PLFP) and Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP), refused to abide by the deal.

The PFLP even retaliated by holding 68 foreign nationals hostage and demanded that the king replace the head of the Jordan Armed Forces (JAF), disband the special forces and remove the king’s uncle, Nasser, from the senate. The king compromised by appointing a more moderate army chief of staff and a more pro-Palestinian prime minister in late June 1970. The peace held and the king and Arafat signed another agreement in early July 1970.

The fragile peace ultimately broke at August 1970. The second Rogers plan successfully brought a ceasefire to the war of attrition, though under the protest of the right wing party and factions in Egypt and Israel. King Hussein responded positively to the plan too and Egypt’s PM and President, Gamal Abdel Nasser, even used the plan to start a relationship with the US to counter the Soviet influence on his country.

The PLO, especially the hardliners, viewed this as a betrayal of the anti-Israeli cause and started to launch attacks against the people they viewed as the conspirators for said action, including King Hussein and his government. This resulted in another attack on King Hussein’s motorcade and the hijacking of three planes heading to Jordan, which they proceed to blow up as a message after the hijackers and hostages were moved from the planes. Rumors started to circulate that the PLO and their supporters wanted to replace King Hussein with a more pro-Palestinian monarchy.


After that, the King and the rest of Jordan had had enough. The moderate army chief of staff resigned and the moderate PM got replaced by a military government. King Hussein declared martial law and the army proceeded to launch a massive crackdown on the PLO and their supporters, commonly known as “Black September”.

The army surrounded the Palestinian refugee camps and settlements all around the country, including in the capital city of Amman, where the fedayeen usually operated from, and shelled the PLO and the civilians inside it non-stop until they surrendered or fled.



By the way, if you wonder why King Hussein tolerated the PLO for so long, it’s because the PLO enjoyed massive support in the Arab states and he feared that there might be foreign intervention to support the PLO. Two weeks into the crackdown, the Syrian government decided to intervene in favor of the PLO.


The Syrians sent 3 brigades alongside some Palestinian militants to help the PLO. Jordan’s worst case scenario came true and they desperately scrambled what forces that were left to attack the Syrian invasion before more forces joined the Syrians. The king even requested the US government, under Nixon, for an intervention to help save the country. Nixon and Kissinger responded positively and Nixon ordered the US forces, including the 6th fleet, to stand by off the coast of Israel should their help be needed. Israeli Air Force planes even flew near the Syrian troops as a message but did not launch any attacks. Luckily, the Jordanian counterattack against the Syrian forces was a decisive success.

Syria at that time was in the middle of a power struggle between its president, Salah Jadid, and the Air Force commander, Hafez al-Assad. So, in the Syrian intervention in Jordan, the Syrian Air Force chose to not join the campaign, so there were no planes to support the advance. The Jordanian Air Force was able to operate unopposed and, with the help of the ground forces, was able to completely rout the Syrian forces and the PLO forces. In fact, the failure of the Syrian operation would lead to a coup by Hafez al-Assad to seize power from Salah Jadid.

The Syrians then retreated and left the PLO on their own. Completely surrounded, the PLO then decided to evacuate to Lebanon, except for a unit that was left as a rear guard.

The unit was called the Black September Organization (BSO) and after they secured the retreat of the PLO, they launched revenge attacks on Jordan, including assassinating the Jordan PM at that time, Wasfi Al-Tal.


The BSO then proceeded to launch many other attacks against Jordan, the West and Israel, most notably the Munich Massacre, before being disbanded in 1973.


After almost a year of fighting, most of the PLO had been successfully driven to Lebanon, though some interestingly chose to surrender to Israel. The operation killed more than 3,000 PLO fedayeen and many more Palestinian civilians, and brought about over 600 Syrian casualties and destroyed hundreds of their armored vehicles. Jordan lost around 500 dead themselves.

After this mess, the Jordanians learned a very important lesson. Although they still supported the Palestinians (albeit to a lesser degree), they would never ever allow the Palestinians in their country to wield the slightest power or be anywhere close to Jordan’s society again for a very very long time.

Accepting hundreds of thousands more Palestinian refugees as their citizens would invite a nightmare on the scale of Black September, and the Jordanian government isn’t eager to repeat that nightmare again.

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Re: Why Jordan Can't Accept Palestinians: Brief History Of PLO And Jordan War by ItsReal: 10:44pm On Oct 28, 2023
Una go just dey copy and paste nonsense ...

Jordan has the most Palestinian refuge population in the world. Probably around 2.5 million
Re: Why Jordan Can't Accept Palestinians: Brief History Of PLO And Jordan War by adebayo987: 10:45pm On Oct 28, 2023
Palestinians are like Fulanis in West Africa. They just want to dominate everything from farm, politics, religion, power, etc. and destroy anything that goes contrary. So, when you read people, use wisdom otherwise you'll be consumed by your foolishness.
Re: Why Jordan Can't Accept Palestinians: Brief History Of PLO And Jordan War by ItsReal: 10:57pm On Oct 28, 2023
adebayo987:
Palestinians are like Fulanis in West Africa. They just want to dominate everything from farm, politics, religion, power, etc. and destroy anything that goes contrary. So, when you read people, use wisdom otherwise you'll be consumed by your foolishness.

Who be this wey dey spew trash 4 mouth?

Before the recent incident,do u know anything about Palestine?
Re: Why Jordan Can't Accept Palestinians: Brief History Of PLO And Jordan War by ItsReal: 10:59pm On Oct 28, 2023
I tire for Nigerian semi literates, usually characterised with low IQ...

No knowledge, dem just want talk
Re: Why Jordan Can't Accept Palestinians: Brief History Of PLO And Jordan War by malcom1X: 11:38pm On Oct 28, 2023
Officialapcnig

Write another one about how they were deported from Kuwait in one week.
Re: Why Jordan Can't Accept Palestinians: Brief History Of PLO And Jordan War by OfficialAPCNig: 7:12am On Oct 29, 2023
ItsReal:
Una go just dey copy and paste nonsense ...

Jordan has the most Palestinian refuge population in the world. Probably around 2.5 million
We know Jordan has the most Palestinians in the world, but they live mostly in IDP camps and are banned from so many things in Jordan.

In fact, those living in Gaza live more comfortable lives than their people in Jordan.

Unfortunately, it will be near impossible to reintegrate with their people in the Gaza Strip
Re: Why Jordan Can't Accept Palestinians: Brief History Of PLO And Jordan War by OfficialAPCNig: 7:14am On Oct 29, 2023
adebayo987:
Palestinians are like Fulanis in West Africa. They just want to dominate everything from farm, politics, religion, power, etc. and destroy anything that goes contrary. So, when you read people, use wisdom otherwise you'll be consumed by your foolishness.
Lebanon

Egypt

Jordan

Kuwait

All deported them from their countries. Do you know Israel returned the Gaza Strip to Egypt, but Egypt refused the gesture?

Because they know how volatile these Palestinians are

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Re: Why Jordan Can't Accept Palestinians: Brief History Of PLO And Jordan War by OfficialAPCNig: 7:17am On Oct 29, 2023
ItsReal:
I tire for Nigerian semi literates, usually characterised with low IQ...

No knowledge, dem just want talk
You that is not semi literate, now tell us why?

1. Jordanian military fought a bloody war with PLO

2. PLO terrorists assassinated Jordanian PM?

3. PLO terrorists attempted to assassinate Jordanian King twice?

Una go just open una mouth and yarn rubbish because of hatred for Israel.

2 Likes

Re: Why Jordan Can't Accept Palestinians: Brief History Of PLO And Jordan War by basilico: 7:36am On Oct 29, 2023
Congratulations. I'm now more enlightened regarding these Palestinians. They are Arabs, they became Palestinians at the instigation of Russia.
Isnt the Hashemite king of Jordan originally from Saudia and was one of the family members of the ruling Saudi family who were given kingdoms eg in Iraq.

1 Like

Re: Why Jordan Can't Accept Palestinians: Brief History Of PLO And Jordan War by baralatie(m): 8:06am On Oct 29, 2023
malcom1X:
Officialapcnig

Write another one about how they were deported from Kuwait in one week.

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