Heat pumps are versatile systems used for both heating and cooling purposes in residential and commercial settings. They operate by transferring heat from one area to another, utilizing electricity as their primary power source. There are several types of heat pumps available, each with distinct functionalities and advantages.

Air-Source Heat Pumps (ASHP): These are the most common type of heat pump system, extracting heat from the outdoor air and transferring it indoors for heating or vice versa for cooling. ASHPs are relatively easy to install and are suitable for moderate climates.

Ground-Source Heat Pumps (GSHP or Geothermal Heat Pumps): GSHPs extract heat from the ground through a series of buried pipes or loops filled with a heat-transferring fluid. They offer high efficiency and are more effective in extreme climates, although installation can be more complex and costly.

Water-Source Heat Pumps (WSHP): WSHPs draw heat from a water source, such as a nearby lake, pond, or well, to provide heating or cooling. These systems are highly efficient but may require access to a suitable water source nearby.

Absorption Heat Pumps: Unlike conventional heat pumps that use compression to circulate refrigerant, absorption heat pumps employ heat and a refrigerant-absorbing solution (like water-ammonia) to transfer heat. They are often powered by natural gas, solar energy, or waste heat.

Ductless Mini-Split Heat Pumps: These systems, similar to ASHPs, do not require ductwork. They consist of an outdoor compressor/condenser unit and one or more indoor air-handling units, making them suitable for room additions or homes without ductwork.

Hybrid Heat Pumps: Also known as dual-fuel heat pumps, these systems combine a heat pump with a backup heating source, such as a gas furnace. They automatically switch between the heat pump and the secondary system based on outdoor temperatures, optimizing efficiency.

Choosing the right type of heat pump depends on various factors, including climate, available space, installation feasibility, and energy efficiency goals. Each type offers unique benefits and considerations, so it's essential to assess your specific needs and consult with HVAC professionals to determine the most suitable heat pump system for your property.